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Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Progress

Recently, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Swiss scientists in cooperation with researchers and Wang Peng, the dye-sensitized solar cell research has made important progress, relevant results in the June 29 online issue of the internationally renowned scientific journal “Nature - Materials” (Nature Materials) on.

Current dye-sensitized solar cells under test conditions in the air mass 1.5G power conversion efficiency has reached 11.1%, but this device is to use high-volatile, highly toxic cyanide electrolyte, greatly hindered the process actually used. Non-volatile at room temperature ionic liquids as to solve the problem program provides an important, but high viscosity ionic liquid, the Huodeqijian’s not efficient enough.

Peng and his collaborators through a variety of solid salt mixture to achieve the system by solid-liquid phase transition entropy to gain room temperature ionic liquids (China Patent Application No.: 200710306662.1). This greatly broadens the concept of a total of molten ionic liquid material selection. More importantly, based on these solid-state ionic materials with high lattice energy of molten liquid at room temperature ionic liquids than conventional lower viscosity and higher conductivity. To room temperature ionic liquids were prepared by melting the solar cell power conversion efficiency of 8.2%, setting a solvent-free dye-sensitized solar cells a world record in the device accelerated aging test conditions, exhibited excellent stability. They also adopted the system of ion mobility and viscosity of association, amendments to the classical Stokes - Einstein equation, to clarify the three iodine ions in the ionic liquid in addition to traditional physical diffusion transport, there are physical diffusion coupling electronic exchange mechanism. Also the first time they observed in the mesoporous conductor of electron transport by the relaxation of cations. This research will greatly promote the flexible dye-sensitized solar cell commercialization for portable electronic devices (such as mobile phones, music players, digital cameras, laptops, etc.) to provide new energy. Expert review of this work was praised as “a breakthrough work.”

The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences “Hundred Talents” and the major national research schemes.

Carbon nanotubes may have the same risk of asbestos

“Day by creating” an environment issue 7, 2008 Featured Articles published in the carbon nanotubes on human health effects reported. The first line in the product development need to reach people who need to pay attention to carbon: carbon nanotubes and asbestos is likely to have the same risk. Front-line staff, please be careful with caution to avoid inhaling.

The author is not to deny the new carbon nanotube materials. On the contrary, the author makes a high-strength materials, semiconductors, fuel cells have great quality and the possibility of very high expectations. Therefore, in addition to the advantages only hope that the reader, but also see the shortcomings of this material. Hope to establish safe storage and use of carbon nanotubes “risk management” approach to expand the scope of application of carbon nanotubes.

“Day by creating” story published in Japan, introduced the National Institute of Drug Safety Food Hygiene Research Centre biological toxicity test results the Department. See Journal of experimental conditions, in the experiment, when the mice come in contact with multi-layer carbon nanotubes, the higher the incidence of mesothelioma. The results suggest that carbon nanotubes may be as dangerous as asbestos.

However, for this experiment, for the following reasons: (1) subjects with the “p53 deficient mice *”; (2) is not input by the mouth, but the carbon nanotubes directly into the peritoneal; (3) a large number of inputs, so some experts said the results need to carefully look at. In fact, I first learned that the experimental results, we also hold the same concerns. However, I consulted the Minister of the Institute toxic Kanno pure, I feel that this experiment in “Toxicology” the fact is very reasonable. Kanno Minister explained below.

” 〔On (1) and (2)〕 past experience, out of recognition of a substance hazardous (dangerous, hazardous) for the purpose, and assumed that the material would cause mesothelioma cancer, intraperitoneal injection test with significant. carcinogenesis mechanism from view, p53 deficient mice are considered suitable for predicting mesothelioma cancer samples. ” ” 〔On (3)〕, we intend to launch a study on the toxicity of the maximum dose. If this dose failed to cause cancer, then the substance is completely ’safe’. Conversely, if the asbestos material with the same positive reaction to produce the same kind of tumor, then enough to doubt its ‘harmful’. ”

Indeed, Kaolv to the actual De work environment, work conducted in input, that were put into the mouth, then, can be further Tigao right Renti the impact of speculation O’clock in the Jing Du. But this experiment requires long time. By contrast, Kanno Minister and others pay more attention to the timeliness of warnings, choose to harm in the short term to confirm the experimental conditions. As expected, the results did not identify the “innocent.” Conclusion is that “carbon nanotubes and asbestos-containing the same shape / size of the particles, there are significant risks. In labor management and product development need to pay attention to prevent inhalation.”

I have previously introduced, asbestos induced mesothelioma for two main reasons. One of asbestos from the nose and mouth inhalation, will along the respiratory tract and bronchial deep into the lungs, to reach the air and blood oxygen, carbon dioxide in alveolar gas exchange. Of course, there is a variety of body defense mechanisms, enabling foreign body removed from the body together with the saliva, etc., but asbestos is invalid. This is because the asbestos is slender and small. Another reason is that the asbestos can not be dissolved, and has been retained in the body. In general, alveolar outside pH 7.4, weakly alkaline, and alveolar macrophages of the enzyme pH 4.8, was strongly acidic. In other words, the material can not withstand such strong acid chemical dissolution, it may persist in the body.

In summary, because of asbestos danger, “slender”, “insoluble.” And not in its chemical composition. Anti-speaking, as long as the asbestos is so “slim”, “insoluble” materials, there is the same as the risk of asbestos. In the multi-layer carbon nanotubes, μm-sized fibrous or rod-like particle is the case.

Kanno Minister also ongoing experiments to answer questions raised by the author. Kanno Minister said that in the present experiment, the amount of carbon nanotubes put down to the previous experiments 1 / 10, 1 / 100, 1 / 1000. Although the results can not open, but in all the experiments, the mice appeared mesothelioma.

HP is selling the Alpha server

Since the spring of 2007 only, factory systems are available. The development of drivers and software, HP has set 2008th The more developed by Digital Equipment Alpha architecture has influenced the chip history.

The Alpha-based servers, supercomputers "Q" at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Los Alamos (Image: LLNL).

On 30 September 2010 ends the Renew program for Alpha systems. That has Hewlett-Packard announced today. The production of new Alpha server had already abandoned the group in April 2007. Since then he sells refurbished Alpha systems with manufacturer warranty and.

His last based on the Alpha chip architecture in 2004, HP had put on the market. With the development of drivers and HP software has ceased in April 2008. Since especially in the areas of transportation, logistics and finance, yet critical processes on Alpha servers in combination with OpenVMS and Tru64 Unix operating systems running that are not readily interchangeable, HP supplies since 2007, factory from Alpha systems - perhaps also to take the competitors will exchange the wind out of sails.

With the end of the sale, factory systems in an era of server history is finally over. Originally developed by Digital Equipment Alpha chip was first introduced in 1992. He ran at speeds of 200 MHz. Due to the high for the time performance was the 64-bit chip in benchmark testers and analysts very well received.

The major breakthrough in the market created the Alpha architecture, however, ever. Suitably equipped servers were very expensive and there were few applications. Due to the small numbers, for example, Microsoft released its Windows NT support by one of the architecture.

Digital Equipment was bought in 1998 by Compaq. Compaq had already announced the server to replace the medium by devices with Intel’s Itanium. Following the acquisition of Compaq by HP in 2002, these plans have been accelerated. 2003 also changed so many developers of HP Alpha to Intel. HP placed strategically on the Itanium platform.

Even if the CPU was not a success commercially, many of the technical innovations found later in other processors. AMD thus uses the alpha-bus for its 1999 featured Athlon. Also in the Opteron realized integrated memory controller and HyperTransport go back to the design of the Alpha architecture. Intel Hyperthreading employed in the research and development results, which were the Alpha design team developed in the nineties.

On 30 Sepetmber is selling factory reconditioned HP Alpha Server (Image: HP).

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iPhone 4 on Friday in another 17 countries available

These include Austria and Switzerland. South Korea had to remove Apple from its list. The local government authority, the device has allegedly - unlike claims by Steve Jobs - does not even exist.

As of Friday 30th July 4 is the iPhone in 17 additional countries to be available. These are Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Austria, Singapore, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Distribution is there online as well as through selected partners. The availability of usable with any SIM card models varies from country to country.

Originally, the iPhone will be available next Friday in South Korea. However, it was made for alleged registration problems from the list of countries for this launch date. Apple CEO Steve Jobs had on 16 April at a press conference on the problem of the antenna unit said that the extradition to South Korea delayed a little, since one must await the approval of government authorities.

The South Korean government and national media reacted according to the Wall Street Journal, however, piqued on Jobs’ statement. He had stated the reason for the shift wrong. Neither Apple nor its Korean partner KT had the device been submitted for approval at all.

How far back in Germany, France, Britain, Japan and the U.S. there is the iPhone four entrants in the market to buy only with a black casing. The white version is more difficult to produce and that Apple must be postponed further.

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Samsung brings external DVD burner with 360 grams weight

He created CDs at 24x and DVDs at 8x speed. The design in glossy black corresponds to the latest Samsung notebooks. Street prices are below 90 €.

External DVD drive by Samsung

Samsung has introduced an external DVD burner that can pack up due to compact dimensions and a weight of 360 grams and easy to carry. The Samsung Slim DVD Burner AA ES0PN21 / E is 15 times 16 times 2 centimeters. The black glossy design is adapted to the latest Samsung notebooks.

As a connection is USB 2.0 with a maximum data transfer of 480 Mbytes / s. The drive writes DVDs and CDs with eight times with 24 times the standard speed. It is compatible with no driver installation on Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000 Professional and Windows 7 and Mac OS X 10.4.8.

Delivery will start in the coming days. Several online retailers list the unit already for just under € 90. Samsung granted a one year warranty.

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PNY delivers 2.5-inch SSD with USB port

The revised Optima series uses MLC memory and 64 MB cache. It achieves transfer rates of up to 235 MByte / s read and 150 MB / s when writing. The first models with capacities of 64 and 128 GB respectively cost 150 280 €.

PNY Optima SSD (Image: PNY)

PNY has launched the second generation of its Solid-State Drive Series (SSD) presented Optima, which can connect via USB and externally with a PC or notebook. The first models are now available in capacities of 64 and 128 GB for 149 € 279 € respectively. A 256 GB version to follow shortly. PNY granted to the SSDs for three years.

The 2.5-inch drives work with MLC memory cells, a SATA II interface and 64MB cache. They measure 10 by 7 by 1 inch.

The smallest version possible according to the manufacturer transfer rates of up to 220 MByte / s read and up to 100 MByte / s when writing. The larger models provide supposedly 235 MByte / s in the reading operation and 150 MByte / s in write mode.

The mean time between failures (Mean Time Between Failures, MTBF) PNY is 1.5 million hours (171 years). The Stobresistenz maximum of 1500 G. The power is in the remote operation via the included USB 2.0 cable.

The Newcomers also command the support of Windows 7 TRIM command, which ensures a consistently high level of readiness to perform a Solid State Drive. Without TRIM support for SSDs can use long after the performance in part to fall considerably. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the physical characteristics of flash cells, which are used for the SSD models. Flash memory can be described only with no wait states if the corresponding cells are empty. Since the operating system files but only delete the contents of the file system and the controller of the SSD of this deletion will notice anything, it must delete the access back into the cell, these first before he can describe it.

SSDs offer to magnetic hard drives a much higher performance. By replacing a conventional hard disk with a SSD can achieve a performance gain for the overall average of 60 percent. This is of course not for CPU-intensive applications that are not dependent on a fast memory subsystem.

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MIT researchers will present acoustic fibers

The scientists use this so-called piezoelectricity. Garments could see in the future produce sound and. Possible example would be a suit, which automatically measures the blood pressure of the wearer.

The MIT-fibers could be used for "smart" suits that automatically measure blood pressure of the wearer (Image: MIT).

The Bandgab Photonic Fibers & Devices Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed so-called acoustic fibers, hear "and" talk "to. Head of the project is an Assistant Professor Yoel Fink.

Using piezoelectricity, the sound waves in a fiber eletkrisches signal and translate back. Thus they are able to interact with their environment, said the MIT.

In the piezoelectric pressure produced either a change in the electrical polarization (direct piezoelectric effect from laptopsbattery.us) or materials deform when electrical voltage is applied (inverse piezoelectric effect). For example, piezoelectric speakers for years to come in digital clocks and singing greeting cards are used. Fink has transferred the technology to fiber. He uses for the inverse piezoelectric effect.

One end of the plastic fibers contains more fluorine atoms, the other more hydrogen atoms. This asymmetry of the molecules makes the plastic piezoelectric. If you close to the fibers to a power source, they begin to vibrate. "If getting them to swing into audible frequencies, and pulls the strings to their ears, you can hear different notes and tones," Noemie Chocat, says researcher in Fink’s lab.

In future all the clothes from such "smart" fibers could be envisaged. You might as microphones are used and would be able to measure automatically the blood pressure or brain of the wearer. Also possible is a sweater that acts as a communication transceiver.

Ghetto Blaster are changing in the near future not to be expected: first is the production of the fibers very expensive, they also are currently working in the kilohertz to megahertz range. But people hear only much lower frequencies.

Differently shaped fibers can produce different notes (Image: MIT).

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